Spatial Distribution and Hydrogeochemical Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Total Coliform and E. coli Bacteria in Groundwater in a Hyperarid Area, Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia

Coliforms (FB) posing population health risks in groundwater (GW) have been identified for decades, with recent studies assessing how hydrogeological and non-hydrogeological parameters correlate their presence. This study focused on explaining the physicochemical hydrological factors influencing presence of fecal contamination GW system Ad-Dawadmi, KSA, a hyperarid area facing prolonged drought. It was designed implemented by sampling 47 working wells laboratory analysis. The data analyses indicated that salinity exhibited purification effect such at levels higher than 3500 6000 mg/L, no E. coli total coliform (TC) were detected. Heavy metals, especially copper, showed strong, hygienic effects 195 300 µg/L thresholds TC, respectively, while those Fe 1200 2000 µg/L. Nitrates, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), oxygen (DO) quasi-random interrelationship FB. occurrence FB boreholes up to 52 m below ground level (BGL) challenges single water resource region. Integrating various help constrain provide multiple lines evidence inferred remarks. work presented some methodological aspects understanding may better protect quality improve human outcomes.